草莓果实的流变特牲及其在贮藏过程中的变化规律

利用自制的应力－应变试验台，对草莓果实的应力－应变特性和蠕变特性进行了测定与研究，建立了草莓果实应力－应变的数学模型，指出了草莓果实的极限屈服点变动范围。同时对草莓在不同贮藏条件下流变特性的变化规律进行了初步的研究，发现草莓的成熟度、贮藏温度及贮藏时间对果实的硬度、屈服应力均有较显著的影响，建立了屈服应力随时间变化的不同阶段的回归方程，可用于预测在相应贮藏条件下的草莓果实的屈服应力。     

小麦雪霉叶枯病产量损失的初步研究

人工接种试验结果表明,雪腐格氏霉(Gerlachia nivalis)引起的小麦成株期叶枯、鞘枯和穗腐,鞘枯使小麦穗粒重减少2.1％～27.1％,千粒重降低9.5％～16.9％;穗腐使小麦穗粒重减少9.6～33.9％,千粒重降低7.8％～17.9％;鞘枯—穗腐复合症状使穗粒重减少10.2％～55.2％,千粒重下降9.5％～14.8％;叶斑—鞘枯—穗腐使穗粒重减少11.7％～47.1％,千粒重下降12.1％～18.3％。     

枯草芽孢杆菌NBF809防治番茄棒孢叶斑病研究

采用平板对峙结合显微观察确定枯草芽孢杆菌NBF809菌株对多主棒孢的抑菌活性,采用活体盆栽试验研究其对番茄棒孢叶斑病的防治效果。结果表明,在平板对峙条件下NBF809菌株对多主棒孢具有良好的抑菌活性,显微镜下观察到菌丝发生扭曲、肿胀和变形;盆栽试验结果表明NBF809菌株对番茄棒孢叶斑病的防治效果达到73.26%。聚合酶链式反应用于检测NBF809菌株的抗菌素生物合成基因,扩增到bac D、itu C、itu D、mrs M和myc C 5个基因,涉及Bacilysin、Iturin、Mersacidin和Mycosubtilin 4种抗菌素的合成。     

Flavonoids from stem and leaf of Scutellaria baicalonsis Georgi inhibit PHF abnormality and regulatory mechanism of protein phosphatase in rats' brain induced by okadaic acid

AIM: To investigate the effect of flavonoids from stem and leaf of Scutellaria baicalonsis Georgi (SSF) on paired helical filament (PHF) abnormality and the regulatory mechanism of protein phosphatase (PP) in rats' brain induced by okadaic acid (OA). METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were microinjected with OA (200 ng/kg) by the lateral ventricle to establish a memory impairment model. Morris water maze was used to screen the memory impairment model. The successful model rats were continuous intragastric infusion (ig) SSF for 36 days. The relative protein expression of PHF, PP1, PP2A-Cα, PP2A-Cβ, PP2CA and PP2CB in the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus were detected by Western blot. GinKgo biloba leaf flavonoids (GLF) were used as positive control drug. RESULTS: Compared with the sham-operated rats, the relative protein expression of PHF in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and PP1 in cortex of model rats were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the protein expression of PP2A-Cα, PP2A-Cβ in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and PP2CB in the hippocampus were decreased (P<0.05), while the relative protein expression of PP2CA and PP2CB in the cortex were significantly increased (P<0.01). SSF reversed the abnormality in the protein expression of PHF, PP2A-Cα and PP2A-Cβ in rat cortex and hippocampus and PP1 in rat cortex induced by OA (P<0.01), which had no significant effect on the relative protein expression of PP2CA and PP2CB. GLF also showed similar results to SSF. CONCLUSION: SSF significantly reduces the abnormal formation of PHF in rats' brain induced by OA, which may be related to the regulation of PP1, PP2A-Cα and PP2A-Cβ expression, but not with PP2CA and PP2CB expression.     

黄瓜棒孢叶斑病病原菌RFP标记转化株的构建

由多主棒孢(Corynespora cassiicola)侵染引起的黄瓜棒孢叶斑病已成为我国黄瓜生产上的重要新流行病害,目前尚缺乏抗性品种,病原菌侵染机制及与寄主的互作关系尚不清楚。为了开展多主棒孢的病原学研究,本试验采用农杆菌基因介导技术(ATMT),获得了红色荧光蛋白(RFP)标记的多主棒孢转化株,转化株在PDA培养基转接6次后仍能在菌丝和分生孢子上发出强烈的红色荧光,生物学测定和致病性测定结果表明该转化株与野生型菌株无显著差异。     

Identifying phenological functional types in savanna trees

Savannas are notable for the varied patterns of leaf display in the tree layer. Characterising this variation, and assessing the range of phenological strategies apparent in savanna ecosystems will be helpful for understanding savanna tree life-histories and their response to global change. We recorded leaf phenological metrics on a monthly basis for 28 woody species for one year in a semi-arid savanna at Nylsvley Nature Reserve, South Africa. Using these metrics four plant functional types were described: (1) evergreen species, which retained full canopy throughout the year; (2) semi-evergreen species, which lost a significant amount of canopy during the dry season, but not less than 60%; (3) obligate deciduous species in which the canopy was leafless for about 3 months during the dry season; and (4) rain-stimulated species, in which canopy flushing was driven by rainfall patterns. Of the 28 species, 18% were evergreen, 18% obligate deciduous, 32% semi-evergreen and 32% were rain-stimulated species. These results confirm that phenological strategies are variable in savannas, and highlight that there are numerous cues controlling the timing of leaf out and leaf drop. By defining distinct phenological strategies we can predict which plant functional types will have phenological cues that will be vulnerable to shifting climates.     

4个画眉草品种在云南嵩明地区的比较

通过对4种画眉草的种植以及调查研究,对它们的种子形状特征与发芽率、牧草生长情况、种子产量构成要素、叶片特征、产草量及营养器官物质分配以及营养成分进行了测定并比较分析.结果表明,4种画眉草均能在嵩明地区较好的生长,引进品种弯叶画眉草Eragrostis curvula和野生种嵩明画眉草E.songmingensis各方面性状较优,能够在该地区进一步推广应用.     

大穗结缕草对盐胁迫的响应

研究了大穗结缕草Zoysia macrostachya在1.5%NaCl胁迫过程中叶片形态、相对含水量、可溶性总糖及游离脯氨酸含量的变化对盐胁迫的响应,其结果发现,随着盐胁迫时间的延长,叶片受害程度先增加,后保持稳定,胁迫到15 d时外观又略有恢复;叶片的相对含水量表现为先下降,后保持稳定.最后又缓慢上升的趋势;叶片可溶性总糖含量和脯氨酸含量表现为逐渐增加到一个峰值后又下降的趋势.在盐分胁迫下叶片可溶性总糖和脯氨酸的积累可能是大穗结缕草抗盐的生理机理之一.     

皖南烤烟密度留叶数的研究

依据皖南生态条件。在确保行间透光条件和保持单位种植面积相当数量可采叶的条件下,研究了增大烟叶的平面分布（增加密度）而减少烟株的立体分布（减少留叶）对烤烟的影响,结果表明：密度为1．2m×0．4m的处理最适宜留叶数为14片叶／株,密度为1．2m×0．5m的处理最适宜留叶数为18片叶／株,密度为1.3m×0．4m的处理最适宜留叶数为16片叶／株。在这三个密度留叶数处理中以1．2m×0．4m、14片叶／株经济效益最好。     

狼毒对小冠花生化他感作用的初步研究

采用室内生物测定方法研究了狼毒根粉碎物和茎叶粉碎物在土壤里腐解过程中对小冠花幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,狼毒根对小冠花幼苗株高、幼苗干重和根干重有抑制作用,且随狼毒根用量增多,其抑制作用增强,对小冠花叶绿素含量影响不明显,只有当用量在5克/盆时与对照差异达到极显著水平,对小冠花细胞质膜透性无显著影响。狼毒根的抑制作用强于茎叶,狼毒的生化他感作用主要是通过根起作用。